In this blog post we will go through some of the reasons why anal gland problems in dogs can occur, treatment options, and most importantly, how to help prevent canine anal glands issues in the future.
At one time or another, you might have seen your dog or another dog scooting their bottom on the floor and chuckled at the sight. But when it happens a few times, you’re unsure, and ask your vet “why is my dog is scooting their bottom?” – could it be anal gland problems?
What are canine anal glands and how do they function?
They are small sacs that sit just inside the anus at the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock position, and contain a strong-smelling liquid used for marking territory. When a dog poos, the stools normally pushes against the sacs, causing small amounts of the liquid to come out of the sacs.
If the liquid cannot come out of the sacs, they can become blocked and begin to overfill. This could irritate the affected dog, and cause pain in some instances. If not treated, the glands could even become infected.
Which dogs can get problems with anal glands?
Any dog can have issues with their anal glands, however, some dogs may be more prone to having issues with them:
- Dogs that are not producing firm stools, so there is not enough pressure against the glands to cause them to empty. It can be caused by various factors, such as dietary problems, lack of fibre, and other issues. If the stools are very liquidy, you can read more about it in my other blog post about diarrhoea in dogs.
- Dogs that are unfit or overweight due to weak muscles around the glands. When they go to poop there are not enough muscles contracting around the glands to cause pressure when the stools pass, preventing the glands from emptying.
- Dogs who anatomically have glands positioned abnormally or gland openings that are too narrow, so block easily.
- Dogs with allergies, as the area around the anal glands can get inflamed too (which in turn can narrow the opening of the glands), along with causing loose stools if a food allergy. You can read more about allergies in dogs here .
- Other issues such as lumps or infections in that area can also affect the glands by narrowing or blocking the opening (the ducts).
Some signs of anal gland problems in dogs:
- Licking or biting around the anus area
- Having difficulty passing stool, or in pain when pooing
- Blood or pus from around the anus area.
- Other non-specific signs such as not acting like their normal selves, going off their food etc.
If you notice any of the signs above with your dog, I would recommend taking them to the vet, because if the issue isn’t sorted promptly, it could get much worse over time.
Some common anal gland problems in dogs
Anal gland impaction
This can occur if the fluid which is in the glands thickens and causes a blockage. It can also occur if the glands are not emptying properly, resulting in them distending so much that the opening narrows even more, preventing any fluid from leaving. This problem can be painful for dogs, depending on how much the glands have distended.
Your vet may need to clear the blockage by manually emptying the glands, and if that doesn’t work, the dog may need a sedation or anaesthetic so that the glands can be flushed.
Anal gland abscess
Infiltration of bacteria into the gland, or a blockage causing bacteria to be trapped in the gland, can cause an infection, and eventually pus (infected white fluid) build-up within the gland. The pus build-up can become severe and be very painful. The area can be hot to touch, and could eventually lead to the gland bursting. If this happens you may see pus leaking from or next to the anus.
If the abscess has not burst, your vet may need to relieve the pressure caused by the pus, and it is likely antibiotics may also be needed.
Anal gland inflammation
A variety of factors can cause inflammation to the glands, in particular to the opening or ducts. Factors can range from trauma (from them being incorrect expressed or expressed too frequently) to even allergies or irritants. The inflammation causes blockage of the ducts, which in turn can lead to infection and eventually an abscess if not treated early.
After treating the blockage, your vet will likely need to find the cause of the inflammation so it can be treated or managed at the source.
Anal gland cancer
An uncommon cause of anal gland issues, especially in older dogs, could be cancer, specifically an anal gland adenocarcinoma. This cancer could even spread to other parts of the body, so finding and treating it early is key. It may need surgical removal of the affected gland.
When should you get in touch with your vet
Some signs of anal gland problems, such as scooting of the bottom, can seem funny when dogs are doing it, but it means that there could be an issue around their backend. Sometimes dogs manage to empty their glands by scooting, but if they still continue to do it frequently then speak to your vet ASAP, as sorting out the issue sooner will be better for your dog, and likely cheaper in the long run!
I would advise anyone noticing any of the signs mentioned above to speak to their vet, who will advise them further.
How to prevent some anal gland problems in dogs
- Manage the weight and body condition score of your dog.
As we discussed before, overweight dogs can be affected more by anal gland problems, so making sure they maintain an ideal weight and body condition score is essential at preventing some anal gland problems from occurring. You can read more about weight and body condition management here .
- The correct diet
Good quality commercial diets have all the nutrients needed for your dog, however, ensure your dog is not allergic to the food they are on. If they frequently have soft stools it may mean the food they are currently on may not be agreeing with their digestive systems. Once the correct diet for your dog is found, it is important that it is never changed suddenly, as that could lead to diarrhoea and eventually anal gland problems.
- Enough fibre in the diet
Some dogs may need additional fibre supplementation if their poos are not solid enough. Adding extra fibre to your dog’s diet can help to firm-up and bulk-out their poo. As a result, when your dog goes to the toilet their stool will press on the anal glands and help to empty them.
Commercial fibre supplements are available, which sometimes also contain probiotics to help gut health as well. If cost is a restriction, sugar-free bran flakes, cooked or uncooked green beans, pumpkin, or even broccoli can be an alternative to add fibre to your dog’s diet.
The calories in the fibre should be adding into your dog’s daily intake to prevent any weight gain. Speak to your vet for more information, especially if your dog may suffer from any food allergies.
- Probiotics
Good bacteria in the guts plays a big part in the overall health of the digestive tract and the body as a whole. If your dog has a sensitive tummy or you want to boost their digestive health, add in some probiotics.
Speak to your vet about the best probiotics available where you live.
- Regular checks
If your dog frequently suffers with blocked anal glands, they may require regular vet or vet nurse visits to have them checked. You will quickly become an expert at spotting the signs of an anal gland problem developing. However, unnecessarily emptying the glands if they are not overfull or blocked can be counterproductive, as it can cause inflammation of the glands and problems in the future.
Should anal glands be emptied routinely
If your dog’s anal glands are healthy and your dog isn’t showing any signs that they may be affected, then I wouldn’t advise emptying them regularly, as it could cause trauma and inflammation to them, resulting in anal gland problems.
If you are considering emptying them regularly, I would advise consulting with your vet first. Some dogs who have recurrent issues with their stools or their glands may need their anal glands emptied occasionally.
Can you empty your dog’s anal glands yourself
Unless you are a qualified veterinary professional, I wouldn’t advise it as doing it incorrectly can cause more harm than good. If you are determined to do it yourself, speak to your vet first as they may be able to teach you how to best do it.
There could be other causes to the scooting such as faecal contamination, worms, rectal prolapse, grooming issues, behavioural problems, the discomfort of wounds or tumours, or even lumbosacral spine injury and/or muscle injury. If in doubt or concerned always seek veterinary advice from your regular vet.
This article sums up all the basics of common anal gland problems in dogs. If you have any questions don’t hesitate to get in touch with me, or speak to your vet.
Note:The advice provided in this blog post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute veterinary advice. If in doubt always seek veterinary advice.